Conceptualising the term diaspora: the theoretical-methodological aspects

The following article characterizes the principal approaches and definitions of the term ‘Diaspora’. Diaspora appears on the basis of ethnic groups that reside outside of their “titular” states. It is characterized by a multiple identity; ethno-cultural ties to both its country of residence and to the country of origin; the presence of social institutes that provide the maintenance, development, and functioning of the Diaspora. Diaspora organizations (cultural associations, church parishes) are such institutes. The Diaspora is institutionalized through the collective activity of its members. Only those groups that deliberately maintain their ties and strengthen their relations with the motherland are considered Diasporas and members of Diasporas. The diaspora is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon. Beside the activists that make up its “face”, it also consists of passive “mute” members that provide its mass character. The diaspora is a sum of representatives of different generations, whose relation to the country of origin may vary (citizenship, possession of language, knowledge of culture, traditions, social activity, length of participation, etc.). The diaspora consists of both those that continuously reside in, have the citizenship of the country of destination, and of those that are staying there temporarily (labor migrants, students). This diversity is the source of the Diaspora’s renewal and development. Modern science counts numerous typings of modern Diasporas. The use of various criteria gave rich material for characterizing and classifying Diasporas, for the creation of a more complete picture of their existence and functioning.