Open AccessA COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HOUSEHOLD EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE IN PAKISTAN: A MESSAGE FORWARD
Author(s) -
Parvez Ahmed Shaikh Hazrat Yousaf
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
pakistan journal of educational research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2707-7985
pISSN - 2663-0443
DOI - 10.52337/pjer.v4i2.194
Subject(s) - khyber pakhtunkhwa , economics , descriptive statistics , educational attainment , engel curve , household income , sample (material) , socioeconomics , aggregate expenditure , agricultural economics , demographic economics , economic growth , geography , public economics , statistics , chemistry , mathematics , archaeology , chromatography
This comparative study aims to examine household educational expenditure in Pakistan. The data was collected from Pakistan household budget surveys 2013-14, 2015-16 and 2018-19. To meet the objectives of study, descriptive, two sample t-test and Working-Leser model through econometric regression were performed for the confirmation of hypotheses. Results of the study show that educational expenditure increased from US$213.29 household-1 in 2013-14 to US$280.94 household-1 in 2015- 16 and there is obtained slightly increased in educational expenditure (i.e., from US$280.94 household-1 to US$281.06 household-1 ) from 2015-16 to 2018-19. A significant increase in household educational expenditure in Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces obtained while educational expenditure of households belongs to Balochistan decreased (i.e., from US$211. 94 household-1 in 2015 to US$128.76 household-1 in 2018). There is obtained positive and statistically significant impact of logarithm income on budget shares of education. Education expenditure elasticity turns out greater than one, which advocates households treat education as expensive one. Findings of study reveals that expenditure on fees and books accounts for more than 80 per cent share of household total educational expenditure. Keeping in view the findings of study, some lucrative policies are recommended for educational development at household level in Pakistan.