Open AccessReview of worldwide experience and the European legislation related to groundwater pollution assessment. Pollution indices and criteria
Author(s) -
Marinela Panayotova,
Nikolay Stoyanov,
Svetlana Bratkova
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
inženerna geologiâ i hidrogeologiâ
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2738-6996
pISSN - 0204-7934
DOI - 10.52321/igh.33.1.51
Subject(s) - pollution , index (typography) , environmental science , water framework directive , groundwater , contamination , legislation , environmental planning , groundwater contamination , water resource management , environmental protection , environmental engineering , water quality , aquifer , computer science , engineering , law , political science , ecology , geotechnical engineering , world wide web , biology
A brief review of the European legislation related to groundwater protection and the legislation’s transposition in Bulgaria has been made. The existence of the necessary regulatory framework for ensuring groundwater protection has been pointed out. The basic guidance documents that help to meet the requirements set out in the Water Framework Directive and its daughter directives are outlined. The worldwide scientific experience regarding introduction of different indices and criteria for assessing the groundwater pollution is briefly presented and discussed. The outlined indexes and criteria include the contamination factor (Cfi), the degree of contamination (Cd), the modified degree of contamination (mCd), the contamination index (CI), the metal pollution index (MPI), the groundwater risk index (GRID), the pollution load index (PLI), the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), the heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), the Nemerow index (PI), the elemental (metal) contamination index (ECI) and the overall metal contamination index (MCI).