Técnicas quirúrgicas en cesárea segmentaria. Revisión de evidencias

Aim: To know which have been the variations of the Pfannenstiel-Kerr technique and how they have influenced maternal morbidity and mortality. Methods: An electronic search was carried out in PubMed, Medline and Cochrane, of works in English and Spanish languages, regardless of the country of origin, preferably randomized and controlled between 2010 and 2020, on variations in the original surgical technique, with emphasis on the differences between the PfannenstielKerr and Miglav-Ladash techniques. Results: The more importants variations regarding morbidity and mortality were: 1. Preferring the transverse skin incision, especially the Joel Cohen type; 2. Lateral blunt dissection of the subcutaneous and cranio-caudal aponeurosis, after its incision; 3. Digital and lateral separation of the rectus abdominis muscles; 4. Digitally and laterally prolong the hysterotomy; 5. Uterine incision closure, without externalizing the uterus, in one or two suture planes, indifferently; 6. Do not suture the visceral and parietal peritoneum or approach the rectus abdominis; 7. Closure of the subcutaneous to separate points, if the thickness is greater than 2 cm. Conclusions: Modifications to the original technique achieved a statistically significant decrease in operative time, the number of sutures, the requirement for analgesics, blood loss, febrile morbidity, as well as operative wound infection and hospital stay. Keywords: Cesarean section, Surgical technique, Pfannenstiel-Kerr, Misgav-Ladach.