A READING OF THE FEATURES OF THE ALMOHAD POLITICAL PROJECT AND THE EXPERIENCE OF ‎MOVING FROM THE CONCEPT OF THE GROUP TO THE CONCEPT OF THE STATE

Although the Arab region and the Islamic world witnessed a number of Islamic political experiences that played ‎a prominent role in the historical paths of this vast geography, the Almohad political experience remains the ‎most important distinguished political projects that emerged in the Islamic Maghreb region, as it played an ‎active role in the map of balances at the regional and international levels. This experiment was launched as a ‎religious reform movement led by Muhammad bin Tumart, who believed that a serious political project could ‎not be established in the region without launching a process of broad religious reform due to a reality that was ‎overshadowed by ignorance of religion, and in which myths and deviations spread. Indeed, Ibn Tumart was ‎able to lay the foundations for this reform movement, to later develop and turn into a political movement, ‎which was then able, thanks to Abdel-Moumen bin Ali, to overthrow the Almoravid state and to transfer the ‎Almohad political project from the narrow concept of the group to the broad concept of the state. Therefore, ‎regardless of the accusations that Ibn Tumart was accused of regarding his claim of Mahdism and the ‎fabrication of false prophetic hadiths, the experience of his movement remains a different one, worthy of study ‎and standing on its most important intellectual and political characteristics and advantages. The Almohad ‎political project was a strategic choice that affected the nature of balances and the geopolitical and strategic ‎map of the Islamic West region, which was characterized by intertwining and overlapping during the medieval ‎period. From this logic, we will, in this research, study the political project from the foundation stage in the era of ‎Ibn Tumart to the date of the death of his successor, Abd al-Mumin ibn Ali in the year 558 AH.‎‏ ‏‎ We will discuss ‎this research in three main topics: First, the formation of the Almohad political project and the features of the ‎first founding phase / secondly the death of Ibn Tumart and the features of the second founding phase with ‎Abdul Mumin bin Ali / Thirdly, the end of the Almoravids and the third founding phase of the Almohad project ‎in the era of the believer‎.