Open AccessKidney Damage: A Comprehensive Review
Author(s) -
Priya. T.K,
L Monika.
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
international journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 0976-044X
DOI - 10.47583/ijpsrr.2022.v73i01.022
Subject(s) - medicine , acute kidney injury , kidney , renal function , intensive care medicine , etiology , kidney disease , urine , pathophysiology , cardiology
Kidneys are the filtering unit of body, filters extra water, wastes and toxins from blood and is removes them in the form of urine. Kidney injury refers to inefficiency of kidneys to filter the waste from the body. When kidneys fail to perform their normal function, toxins accumulate in the body that can lead to kidney failure, which can be fatal if untreated. Kidney injuries are of main two types based on their onset, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Chronic Renal Failure (CRF). AKI occurs when the kidneys suddenly stops functioning properly, manifests as fluid retention causing swelling in lower extremities, decreased urine output although it remains occasionally normal, shortness of breath, fatigue, confusions, irregular heartbeat, etc. CKD occurs when the kidneys gradually stops functioning normally. Compared to CKD AKI complicates the course and worsens the condition of patients. In this review we provide the most recent updates in the definition, epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, staging, complications and treatment of AKI and CKD.