Open AccessDiagnosis and Treatment of PCOS- A Comparative Review
Author(s) -
Harshini Kancherla,
Gayathri Konduri,
Ramya Balaprabha,
R. D. V. J. Prasada Rao
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
international journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 0976-044X
DOI - 10.47583/ijpsrr.2022.v73i01.018
Subject(s) - polycystic ovary , hyperandrogenism , hirsutism , medicine , cyproterone acetate , metformin , anovulation , cyproterone , flutamide , gynecology , infertility , drospirenone , endocrinology , androgen , pregnancy , insulin resistance , hormone , insulin , prostate cancer , cancer , androgen receptor , biology , genetics
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is defined as polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age. There are 4 possible phenotypes for a patient with PCOS. These phenotypes are ruled out based on 3 criteria. They are hyperandrogenism, anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology. The key goal of the therapy in PCOS is the management of symptoms. Treatment options should be based on the patient's choice for contraception and pregnancy. Treatment focuses primarily on the treatment of infertility, regulating menstrual irregularities, reducing the symptoms of hyperandrogenism or treatment of obesity. Treatment primarily includes oral contraceptives, clomiphene citrate, cyproterone acetate, metformin, Flutamide, spironolactone, Finasteride, ketoconazole, steroids. Oral contraceptives are considered the first line of therapy in the treatment of PCOS. Risks include venous thromboembolism. Commonly preferred oral contraceptives include Clomiphene citrate, Cyproterone acetate, Drospirenone, Ethinylestradiol, norethindrone. Metformin has insulin-lowering effects by improving insulin sensitivity and, in turn, can decrease circulating androgen levels. it may also help reduce hirsutism although this may take several months and Metformin may not be as effective as other treatments for hirsutism. As the diagnosis and treatment are still unclear, every day newer therapeutic options have to be explored. Long term use of OCP should be monitored and follow up should be done. The patient should be counselled regarding PCOS and its complication which might occur in future. Early intervention can minimize complications and the patient can achieve a healthy lifestyle.