Open AccessA Pervasive Review on New Advancements of Nano Vaccines on Covid-19 Pandemic
Author(s) -
Ranajit Nath,
Ambika Mandal,
Ratul Bhowmik,
Ratna Roy,
Riya Biswas,
Soubhik Bhattacharyya
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 0976-044X
DOI - 10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v70i02.015
Subject(s) - vaccination , pandemic , clinical trial , medicine , covid-19 , coronavirus , disease , immune system , nanomedicine , virology , immunology , infectious disease (medical specialty) , nanotechnology , materials science , pathology , nanoparticle
The infection that causes COVID-19 may be a pathogen referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) and is believed to possess originated from China's Wuhan Province. The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hasbecome a worldwide concern, with the planet Health Organization (WHO) declaring it an epidemic on March, 2020. To enter the cells,SARS-CoV-2 S requires angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Many existing vaccines have drawbacks like insufficient systemstimulation, in vivo instability, high toxicity, the need for a chilly chain, and multiple administration. A nanotechnology is an efficienttool for addressing these issues. A successful vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection is predicted to stimulate innate and adaptiveimmune responses and protects against severe sorts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Different strategies are introducedbecause the go after an efficient and safe vaccination has begun. Currently, the foremost common vaccine types studied in clinicaltrials include viral vector-based vaccinations, genetic vaccines, attenuated vaccines, and protein-based vaccines. during this review,we cover the foremost promising anti-COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials also as various vaccination strategies to shed more light on thecontinued clinical trials. it's also discussed how nanotechnology is often wont to better understand the pathology of the presentpandemic, also as how our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 cellular uptake and toxicity can influence future nanotoxicologicalconsiderations and nanomedicine design of safe yet effective nanomaterials.