Open AccessDiabetes and Depression: A Bidirectional Phenomenon
Author(s) -
Somnath Modak,
Moumita Ghosh,
Manodeep Chakraborty,
Devid Chutia,
Nihar Ranjan Bhuyan
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 0976-044X
DOI - 10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v70i02.005
Subject(s) - diabetes mellitus , monoaminergic , depression (economics) , medicine , prefrontal cortex , hippocampus , neuroinflammation , pathological , neuroscience , neurogenesis , disease , psychology , endocrinology , psychiatry , cognition , serotonin , receptor , economics , macroeconomics
Diabetes mellitus is a strong molecular etiological upstream event that leads to different pathological problems like Cardio-vasculardisease, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, hearing loss, and immunological disturbances, the most common of which isdepression. Diabetes and depression relationship is thought to be bidirectional, meaning that depression can lead to diabetes anddiabetes can assist the onset of depression. Depression is one of the most overlooked symptoms in diabetes patients, and it is stronglyrelated to a decline in quality of life. Several pathological links are discussed in this review, including dysregulation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and neurotransmitter systems, particularly the monoaminergic system, the role of oxidative stress,neuroinflammation, and cell death, impaired neurogenesis and BDNF synthesis, particularly in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, brain areas that regulate emotional behaviour, and finally, epigenetic factors.