Adaptive technology of growing mother roots and beet bearers of fodder beets

Goal. To develop on the basis of complex system of observations, estimation of agroclimatic indicators, patterns of growth and development of plants of the first and second years of life, adaptive technology of growing mother roots and seed bearers under the conditions of the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Laboratory, field, statistical. Results. The biological potential of modern varieties and hybrids of fodder beet to some extent is realized by using high quality seeds, which is caused by a complex of ecological-biotic and anthropogenic factors. Important factors affecting seed quality have been identified: laboratory and field germination. Its level depends on the duration of emergence and completeness of the seedlings, the uniformity of plants in the row and, ultimately, their seed productivity. The calculations of the main indicators of adaptive technology of cultivation of mother roots and seed bearers are the following: the yield of mother roots increased by 2.7 times, the preservation in storage by 7.7%, seed yield by 0.4 t/ha, germination by 8%, weight of 1000 seed clusters by 1.2 g compared to conventional technology. Conclusions. The cultivation of mother roots and seed bearers of fodder beet varieties and hybrids should be carried out according to adaptive technology, which provides: 1) sowing of seeds in the summer (early-mid June) with SST-12B seeder with a device for simultaneous separation of the main seeds by specific weight, 15–20 seeds/m, with an interval of 22.5 cm; 2) storage of mother roots in storages and containers equipped with plastic film with holes; 3) using planter VPS-2,8A and seeding on the background of 50 t/ha of manure + and design 70 × 20–70 × 30 cm; 4) seed treatment during mass formation of the stem; 5) additional pollination during the mass flowering period.