Open AccessTelomere Length and Glutathione Level as Potential Biomarkers for Autism
Author(s) -
Tiffany Field
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of psychiatry research reviews and reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2755-0192
DOI - 10.47363/jpsrr/2021(3)125
Subject(s) - autism , childhood autism rating scale , autism spectrum disorder , oxidative stress , medicine , neurodevelopmental disorder , psychology , telomere , audiology , clinical psychology , pediatrics , psychiatry , genetics , biology , gene
This narrative review on anxiety and depression in non-infected youth during COVID-19 is a summary of research on prevalence and risk factors derived from surveys on the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Anxiety and depression symptoms have been noted in youth (on average in 38% and 36% respectively) across several countries, although most of the studies have been from China and the U.S. The prevalence rates for both anxiety and depression have been significantly greater for females and lower for children versus high school and in turn, university students. Comorbidities have included stress, insomnia, social anxiety, PTSD, OCD, and suicidality, and the most frequent risk factors have been worries about COVID infection and academics as well as inactivity (lack of exercise) and excessive time on social media. The studies are limited by being cross-sectional samples that lack generalizability and by being self-report data.