Open AccessEvaluation of Hardness of Ground Drinking Water in Vehari, Pakistan
Author(s) -
Ambreen Ghani,
Iqra Qayyum,
Shabbir Hussain,
Muhammad Riaz,
Aisha Saddiqa
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international journal of economic and environment geology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2223-957X
DOI - 10.46660/ojs.v10i4.358
Subject(s) - hard water , environmental science , water quality , groundwater , contamination , titration , national standard , environmental engineering , environmental chemistry , chemistry , pulp and paper industry , engineering , inorganic chemistry , ecology , geotechnical engineering , organic chemistry , biology
Ground water contamination has become a major concern in recent years. Hard water is considered aprimary cause of many health-relating issues due to its unsuitability for drinking, domestic, industrial and agriculturalpurposes. Current studies were performed to explore the degree of hardness in drinking water of the selected areas ofVehari city, Pakistan. For this purpose, ten water samples were collected and analyzed. This research involves presentpractices and easy approaches to evaluate the quality of drinking water. The tested samples have shown pH 7.3-7.7,temperature 27-320C and TDS value of 545-1155 mg/L. The hardness of tested water samples was found in the rangeof 110-530 mg/L by titration method. The soap solution method demonstrated the degree of hardness (dᵒTH) in therange of 19.8-35.41. The obtained results were compared with the national and international standards worldwide. Thedrinking water of investigated areas was found hard, contaminated and unsuitable.