Open AccessGender Differences In Modernization Of Leisure: Changing Trends In Sports And Recreation In Rural Punjab
Author(s) -
Ayesha Farooq,
Khalil Ahmed
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
pakistan journal of gender studies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2663-8886
pISSN - 2072-0394
DOI - 10.46568/pjgs.v13i1.184
Subject(s) - cricket , recreation , modernization theory , football , geography , schedule , socioeconomics , leisure time , rural area , sample (material) , demography , physical activity , medicine , economic growth , sociology , political science , ecology , archaeology , pathology , computer science , law , biology , operating system , chemistry , chromatography , economics , physical medicine and rehabilitation
The main objective of present study is to measure changes in leisure activities of a rural community in the Punjab, Pakistan. Gender differences and changes in participation of sports are also assessed over a period of fifty years. The changes have been identified from 1960s through 2008 retrospectively. Data are taken from a larger sample survey covering various social institutions in the village. An interview schedule permitting multiple responses was developed to interview persons, age 55 + years. Out of 223 eligible persons, 109 respondents (54 males and 55 females) were systematically selected. Our findings are based on descriptive and trend analyses. It is found that watching television is a popular leisure activity in the village. Leisure activities such as folklores, visiting neighbors and smoking huqa disappeared during the last two decades. Traditional sports are almost replaced by modern ones such as cricket, football and badminton from 1990s and onwards. Girls have also started participating in outdoor games which used to be exclusively meant for boys.