Functionally Graded Panels: A Review

Functionally gradedmaterials (FGMs) are not homogeneous materials. It consists of different(two or more)materials, engineered to have a continuously varying spatial composition profile. FGM is the one that cansolve practical problems arising from the production and application of a new type of composite material. Thispaper describes the overview of FGM basic concepts, classification, properties, and its modeling which mayfocus on the static and dynamic analysis of functionally graded panels. The effective material properties offunctionally graded materials for the panel are graded in the thickness direction from the bottom surface tothe top surface according to the power-law distribution of volume fractions of the constituents. The use ofstructures like beams, plates, and shells, which are made from functionally graded (FG) materials, isincreasing because of the smooth variation of material properties along with preferred directions. Thisvariation gives continuous stress distribution in the FG structures. Therefore, an FGM can be effectively usedin avoiding corrosion, fatigue, fracture, and stress corrosion cracking. The paper covers the literature studyon static, buckling and free vibration, thermo-mechanical analysis of FGM panel. From this literature study itis found that, analysis of these problems is made using the constitutive relations and governing equationsassociated with the classical laminated theory structural model, the FSDT model, the HSDT model,Reissnerand Sander theory,differential quadrature, finite element method and closed form solutions. Results areavailableon different geometrical dimensional ratios variations, power-law index value n variationsandsimply supported,clamped, free edges boundary conditionswith its combinations for FG panels. Lesserliteratures are available for different edge boundary conditions such as SCSC, CSCS,SSSC, SFSF, SSSF,SCSF on curved panelfor free vibration, buckling and thermo-structural analysis.