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A rapid response, planar fluorosensor for measuring two‐dimensional p CO 2 distributions and dynamics in marine sediments
Author(s) -
Zhu Qingzhi,
Aller Robert C.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
limnology and oceanography: methods
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.898
H-Index - 72
ISSN - 1541-5856
DOI - 10.4319/lom.2010.8.326
Subject(s) - optode , fluorescence , analytical chemistry (journal) , materials science , dissolution , detection limit , ion , chemistry , optics , environmental chemistry , chromatography , physics , organic chemistry
CO 2 distributions in marine sediments are closely coupled to early diagenetic reactions and transport processes. An existing planar optode designed to measure p CO 2 in sediments and overlying water was modified to substantially lower response times and to allow for enhanced resolution of CO 2 dynamics. Sensing foils are fabricated by entrapping fluorescent indicator 8‐hydroxy‐1,3,6‐pyrenetrisulfonic acid‐tetraoctylammonium ion‐pair (TOA + PTS 4− , molar ratio 1:1) and tetraoctylammonium hydroxide (TOAOH) in a hydrophobic ethyl cellulose polymer matrix on an inert transparent polyester support, and coated with gas permeable silicone membrane. The response time of the optimized sensor is 18 s (0 → 5 matm), allowing measurement of transient p CO 2 distributions associated with microenvironments such as burrows. As typically configured, the ratiometric sensor has a working range of 0 to ~40 matm p CO 2 and a detection limit of 0.193 matm (3σ), and shows fluorescence emission at 515 nm with dual excitation at 470 and 407 nm, and a well‐defined isosbestic point. The sensor is sensitive, precise, stable, and reversible, and retains its properties after continuous exposure in marine sediments for approximately 2 weeks at 15°C, with a longer or shorter lifetime at lower or higher temperatures respectively. This sensor has been successfully used to measure two‐dimensional p CO 2 distributions and dynamics in marine sediments and overlying water with a typical pixel resolution of ~ 50×50 µm over an area of ~150 cm 2 .