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A spatiotemporal investigation of varved sediments highlights the dynamics of hypolimnetic hypoxia in a large hard‐water lake over the last 150 years
Author(s) -
Jenny Jean-Philippe,
Arnaud Fabien,
Dorioz Jean-Marcel,
Covex Charline Giguet,
Frossard Victor,
Sabatier Pierre,
Millet Laurent,
Reyss Jean-Louis,
Tachikawa Kazuyo,
Bard Edouard,
Pignol Cécile,
Soufi Fayçal,
Romeyer Olivier,
Perga Marie-Elodie
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
limnology and oceanography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.7
H-Index - 197
eISSN - 1939-5590
pISSN - 0024-3590
DOI - 10.4319/lo.2013.58.4.1395
Subject(s) - varve , hypolimnion , eutrophication , hypoxia (environmental) , environmental science , paleolimnology , trophic level , geology , coring , oceanography , sediment , hydrology (agriculture) , climate change , nutrient , physical geography , ecology , geomorphology , paleontology , oxygen , geography , biology , chemistry , geotechnical engineering , organic chemistry , mechanical engineering , drilling , engineering
The spatiotemporal distribution of biochemical varves spanning the last 150 yr was investigated using 40 cores collected over a depth gradient in a large subalpine lake—Lake Bourget—in the French Alps. Four‐dimensional sedimentological, biological, and geochemical analyses show that varve preservation can be used as a reliable proxy to reconstruct annual‐to‐decadal oscillations of hypoxia in large lakes. The volume of hypoxic waters was calculated by integrating the volume between the lake bottom and the depth of the shallowest varve‐bearing core for each year. Although Lake Bourget bottom waters have been oxic over the last 9000 yr, severe hypoxia has occurred only since 1933 ± 1. The volume of hypoxic waters showed, thereafter, a succession of pronounced fluctuations, leading to an increase of 8% of the total lake volume in the 1960s, a decline in the 1980s, and a second, ongoing increase since 1990. Whereas the initial onset of persistent hypoxic conditions could be attributed to eutrophication due to nutrient‐rich inputs from sewage water and/or diffuse contamination, the later fluctuations were also driven by climatic factors, i.e., flooding, rising air temperatures, and phosphorus‐independent changes in primary production. Hence, cumulative effects related to global warming seem to have driven hypolimnetic hypoxic conditions since equilibrium was initially disrupted due to a drastic shift in the trophic state.