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Seasonal changes in groundwater input to a well‐mixed estuary estimated using radium isotopes and implications for coastal nutrient budgets
Author(s) -
Kelly R. P.,
Moran S. B.
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
limnology and oceanography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.7
H-Index - 197
eISSN - 1939-5590
pISSN - 0024-3590
DOI - 10.4319/lo.2002.47.6.1796
Subject(s) - groundwater , estuary , hydrology (agriculture) , environmental science , groundwater recharge , submarine groundwater discharge , groundwater discharge , aquifer , bedrock , radium , geology , oceanography , chemistry , geomorphology , geotechnical engineering , radiochemistry
226 Ra (half‐life 1,600 yr) and 228 Ra (half‐life 5.75 yr) were used as tracers to determine seasonal changes in groundwater input to the Pettaquamscutt estuary from June 1999 to June 2000. Ra isotopes were observed to be in excess of activities due to input from streams, Rhode Island Sound water, and particle desorption. The source of excess 226 Ra and 228 Ra within the estuary is attributed to groundwater transport of Ra derived from the weathering of bedrock within the Pettaquamscutt watershed. Short‐lived 224 Ra (half‐life 3.66 d) was used to calculate an average residence time of the estuary of 8 ± 4 d. Box models used to constrain seasonal changes in groundwater input to the estuary indicate highest groundwater input in the summer (6.4–20 L m −2 d −1 ) and lowest values in the winter (2.1–6.9 L m −2 d −1 ). These Ra‐derived groundwater fluxes are similar to rates of aquifer recharge over the annual cycle. Using these Ra‐derived groundwater fluxes, the input of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from groundwater to the Pettaquamscutt was estimated at 61–180 mmol m −2 yr −1 and 4.4‐13 mmol m −2 yr −1 , respectively.