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The effects of ultraviolet‐B radiation on freshwater invertebrates: Experiments with asolar simulator
Author(s) -
Hurtubise Robin D.,
Havel John E.,
Little Edward E.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
limnology and oceanography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.7
H-Index - 197
eISSN - 1939-5590
pISSN - 0024-3590
DOI - 10.4319/lo.1998.43.6.1082
Subject(s) - hyalella azteca , daphnia magna , cladocera , invertebrate , amphipoda , water column , irradiance , environmental science , environmental chemistry , biology , ecology , ultraviolet , crustacean , chemistry , toxicity , physics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics
There is concern that decreases in stratospheric ozone will lead to hazardous levels of ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation at the Earth's surface. In clear water, UV‐B may penetrate to significant depths. The purpose of the current study was to compare the sensitivity of freshwater invertebrates to UV‐B. We used a solar simulator, calibrated to match local ambient solar radiation, to expose five species of freshwater invertebrates to enhanced levels of UV‐B radiation. UV‐B measurements in a eutrophic pond revealed that 10% of the irradiance penetrated to 30‐cm depth and 1% to 57‐cm depth. The irradiance at the upper 5–20 cm was comparable to levels used in the simulator. Median lethal dose (LD50) values were determined for the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia reticulata , Scapholeberis kingii (two induced color morphs), and Daphnia magna ; the ostracod Cyprinotus incongruens ; and the amphipod Hyalella azteca . Among the species, 96‐h LD50 estimates were quite variable, ranging from 4.2 to 84.0 µW cm −2 . These estimates indicated S. kingii to be highly sensitive and H. azteca , C. reticulata , and D. magna to be moderately sensitive, whereas the ostracod C. incongruens was very tolerant to UV‐B radiation. Overall, this study suggests that, in shallow ponds without physical refuges, UV‐B radiation would have the strongest effects upon cladocerans and amphipods occurring in the water column, whereas ostracods would be better protected.