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A REAPPRAISAL OF NEEDHAM AND USINGER'S DATA ON THE VARIABILITY OF A STREAM FAUNA WHEN SAMPLED WITH A SURBER SAMPLER
Author(s) -
CHUTTER F. M.
Publication year - 1972
Publication title -
limnology and oceanography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.7
H-Index - 197
eISSN - 1939-5590
pISSN - 0024-3590
DOI - 10.4319/lo.1972.17.1.0139
Subject(s) - riffle , population mean , sampling (signal processing) , confidence interval , statistics , fauna , sample (material) , sample mean and sample covariance , population , mathematics , biology , ecology , demography , chemistry , chromatography , computer science , filter (signal processing) , estimator , sociology , habitat , computer vision
Needham and Usinger’s analysis of data on the total numbers of animals from 100 samples, each 1 ft 2 , from a riffle is shown to be erroneous. Their conclusion that 73 samples were needed to arrive at significant figures on total numbers at a 95% level of confidence is optimistic; 448 samples are required to give a sample mean within 5% of the population mean at a 95% level of confidence. Data from sampling sites where the sampling apparatus is totally submerged are particularly variable.