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CARBONATE EQUILIBRIA: A GRAPHIC AND ALGEBRAIC APPROACH 1
Author(s) -
Deffeyes Kenneth S.
Publication year - 1965
Publication title -
limnology and oceanography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.7
H-Index - 197
eISSN - 1939-5590
pISSN - 0024-3590
DOI - 10.4319/lo.1965.10.3.0412
Subject(s) - alkalinity , carbonate , carbonic acid , diagram , chemistry , bicarbonate , carbon dioxide , calcite , carbonate ion , base (topology) , equilibrium constant , calcium carbonate , algebraic number , mineralogy , inorganic chemistry , thermodynamics , mathematics , physics , organic chemistry , mathematical analysis , statistics
Graphic solutions for a wide variety of problems in carbonate equilibrium can be obtained if one uses the total carbonate carbon and alkalinity as abscissa and ordinate. At any point on such a diagram the carbonate system is completely defined and the pH, carbon dioxide pressure, bicarbonate concentration, and carbonate concentration can be presented as contours. The diagrams can be prepared for systems which contain other buffers in addition to carbonate. On such diagrams, the addition or removal of CO 2 , HCO 3 - , CO 3 = , acid, or base is a vector property. Diagrams have been prepared for systems that are buffered only by H + and OH - ions and by the carbonate species at 25C and 1 atm pressure. For solutions in equilibrium with calcite, the magnitude of the alkalinity minus the calcium can also be contoured. An algebraic treatment that is equivalent to graphic solutions can be used either to obtain greater precision or to work with different equilibrium constants.