Open AccessPhytochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity screening of ethanol extract of <i>Acacia ehrenbergiana</i> Hayne grown in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia
Author(s) -
Hafiz A. Makeen,
Hassan A. Alhazmi,
Asaad Khalid,
Mohammed Al Bratty,
Sohier M. Syame,
Ashraf N. Abdalla,
Husham E. Homeida,
Shahnaz Sultana,
Waquar Ahsan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
tropical journal of pharmaceutical research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.209
H-Index - 36
eISSN - 1596-5996
pISSN - 1596-9827
DOI - 10.4314/tjpr.v19i2.14
Subject(s) - phytochemical , cytotoxicity , antimicrobial , traditional medicine , mtt assay , chemistry , clonogenic assay , acacia , minimum inhibitory concentration , ethanol , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , in vitro , biochemistry , medicine , botany
Purpose: To explore the phytoconstituents of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne as well as its biological effects.
Methods: Determination of phytoconstituents of ethanol extract of the plant was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Antibacterial screening was conducted against the isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes while the anti-carcinogenic properties of the ethanol extract on cancerous cells were investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay against breast MCF7, ovary cancer A2780 and colon cancer HT29 cells, respectively, in addition to normal MRC5 fibroblast cells.
Results: GC-MS analysis identified 15 different phytochemicals in the ethanol extract. The extract exerted significant antimicrobial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) in the range 1.56 - 6.25 and 3.12 – 12.5 mg/L, respectively, against all test bacterial strains. Cytotoxic activity, obtained by MTT assay, was 28.81 ± 0.99, 12.50 ± 2.50, 23.90 ± 0.74 and 50.58 ± 3.24 μg/mL, against the three cancer cell lines and normal fibroblast, respectively. MTT cytotoxicity results was further confirmed by clonogenic survival assay on MCF7 cells.
Conclusion: This study highlights the potential interesting ethnopharmacological applications of Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne to treat drug-resistant pathogens as standardized extract.
Keywords: Acacia ehrenbergiana, Phytochemistry, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity