Open AccessOne of the most hot issues in the recent environmental research worldwide has become the harmful effects of climate change on the ecosystems and environment due to global warming. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries not only in the South East Asia but also in the world. It is predicted that a large portion of the South-western region of Bangladesh will go under sea in the next 50 to 100 years due to sea level rise. In this paper, we first discuss some potential impacts of climate change in Bangladesh and its aftermath on the ecosystems and secondly, we study a mathematical model of climate change in terms of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and apply optimal control techniques in the form of Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP) to investigate the control strategy of greenhouse gases (GHGs). We study the model numerically using some known nonlinear ‘optimal control solvers’ and the results are illustrated with numerical simulations.