Open AccessAssessment of Groundwater Quality and Health Risk of Heavy Metals: A study from the Tarkwa Mining Area, Ghana
Author(s) -
Jamel Seidu,
Anthony Ewusi
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
ghana mining journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2616-1478
pISSN - 0855-210X
DOI - 10.4314/gm.v20i2.1
Subject(s) - hazard quotient , groundwater , environmental science , health risk assessment , risk assessment , water quality , water well , health risk , hazard , water resource management , environmental health , toxicology , hydrology (agriculture) , environmental engineering , geology , medicine , chemistry , ecology , geotechnical engineering , computer security , organic chemistry , computer science , biology
This study seeks to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of water in the Tarkwa mining area using the Piper and Chadha plots and to carry out a health risk assessment using the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) health risk assessment model. A total of 39 groundwater sample points were used for this study. Results from the Piper and Chadha diagrams show that the dominant water types in the study area are Ca-HCO3 and Mixed Ca-Mg-Cl water types which indicates that groundwater in the area can be classified as fresh water. The hazard quotient (HQ) value for heavy metals estimated, suggested an acceptable level of noncarcinogenic inimical health risk. In relation to the HQ value, the Hazard Index (HQ) calculated was less than 1 suggesting that inhabitants will not be exposed to a potential health risk for the injection of heavy metals. Carcinogenic risk estimated for As (1.80×10-4) was higher than the acceptable risk. The carcinogenic risk estimated therefore indicated that, drinking of groundwater over a long period will increase the probability of cancer. It can be concluded that currently the groundwater in the Tarkwa area is safe for domestic purposes.
Keywords: Hydrochemical Characteristics, Human Risk Assessment, Tarkwa Mining Area