Use of Domesticated and Foreignized Methods in the Soviet School of Translation

The article focuses on prevailing translation methods used in the Soviet translation school. The main aim of the research is to analyze translation strategies, principles and methods used by Soviet translators who were forced to work in a cultural vacuum under strong ideological influence. The aim is toexplain the main reasons for an absolute priority of domesticated translation in the Soviet translation school, while foreignized translation was strongly criticized and appeared in the translation process mainly to explain purely ideological features. The primary use of the domesticated method of translation depended not on the personal tastes of the translators or current tendencies but on an artificial ideologically influenced cultural environment which was almost completely isolated from foreign cultures. The whole translation process in the Soviet Union differed greatly from that in democratic societies. It was inevitably influenced by an institution of censorship and strict centralization. However, we find intense efforts made bytranslators to preserve and even expand the horizons of the readers, to maintain a minimal cultural level, and to circumvent censorship.Avtorica v članku analizira prevladujoče prevajalske metode, strategije in načine, ki so značilni za sovjetsko prevajalstvo. Glavni cilj razprave je ugotoviti in pojasniti vrste prevladujočih prevajalskih metod v obdobju Sovjetske zveze ter vzroke za njihovo uporabo. Ob tem je potrebno upoštevati dejstvo, da so bili sovjetski prevajalci zaradi vladajočega komunističnega režima prisiljeni ustvarjati v kulturnem vakuumu in pod močnim ideološkim vplivom. Avtorica namerava pojasniti, zakaj je prevladovala izključno metoda podomačitve prevodov (domestication), med tem, ko je bila metoda potujitve (foreignization) strogo kritizirana in se je pojavljala samo v določenih primerih, zaradi ideoloških namenov. Prevladujoča uporaba metode podomačitve ni bila odvisna od osebnih nagibov prevajalcev ali od prevladujočih smernic v prevajanju, ampak zaradi posebnosti umetno vzdrževanega ideološkega okolja, kije bilo skoraj popolnoma izolirano od tujih kultur. Prevajalski proces v Sovjetski zvezi se je temeljito razlikoval od prevajalskega procesa v demokratičnih državah, saj je na njega vseskozi vplival sistem cenzuriranja instroge centralizacije. Toda vsekakor je potrebno omeniti prizadevanja sovjetskih prevajalcev, da bi razširili kulturni horizont svojih bralcev in zadovoljili vsaj minimalnim kulturnim zahtevam in obšli cenzuro