Open AccessLipidomics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Author(s) -
Sofia Kartsoli,
Christina Kostara,
Vasilis Tsimihodimos,
Eleni Bairaktari,
Dimitrios Christodoulou
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
world journal of hepatology
Language(s) - Uncategorized
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.913
H-Index - 55
ISSN - 1948-5182
DOI - 10.4254/wjh.v12.i8.436
Subject(s) - lipidomics , steatohepatitis , lipotoxicity , medicine , fatty liver , steatosis , lipidome , nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , alcoholic liver disease , sphingolipid , cirrhosis , disease , lipid metabolism , bioinformatics , biology , insulin resistance , biochemistry , obesity
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disorder in Western countries, comprises steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with the latter having the potential to progress to cirrhosis. The transition from isolated steatosis to NASH is still poorly understood, but lipidomics approach revealed that the hepatic lipidome is extensively altered in the setting of steatosis and steatohepatitis and these alterations correlate with disease progression. Recent data suggest that both quantity and quality of the accumulated lipids are involved in pathogenesis of NAFLD. Changes in glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, and fatty acid composition have been described in both liver biopsies and plasma of patients with NAFLD, implicating that specific lipid species are involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. In this article, we summarize the findings of main human lipidomics studies in NAFLD and delineate the currently available information on the pathogenetic role of each lipid class in lipotoxicity and disease progression.