Open AccessAssessment of tobacco heating system 2.4 on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and primary human osteoblasts compared to conventional cigarettes
Author(s) -
Romina H. Aspera-Werz,
Sabrina Ehnert,
Monja Müller,
Shaihong Zhu,
Tao Chen,
Weidong Weng,
Johann Jacoby,
Andreas K. Nüssler
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
world journal of stem cells
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.907
H-Index - 18
ISSN - 1948-0210
DOI - 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i8.841
Subject(s) - calcein , mesenchymal stem cell , viability assay , alkaline phosphatase , chemistry , staining , nicotine , stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , pharmacology , biochemistry , andrology , cell , medicine , pathology , biology , enzyme , membrane
Cigarette smoking (CS) is the most common method of consuming tobacco. Deleterious effects on bone integrity, increased incidence of fractures, and delayed fracture healing are all associated with CS. Over 150 of the 6500 molecular species contained in cigarette smoke and identified as toxic compounds are inhaled by CS and, via the bloodstream, reach the skeletal system. New technologies designed to develop a reduced-risk alternative for smokers are based on electronic nicotine delivery systems, such as e-cigarettes and tobacco heating systems (THS). THS are designed to heat tobacco instead of burning it, thereby reducing the levels of harmful toxic compounds released.