Open AccessCartilage and bone tissue engineering using adipose stromal/stem cells spheroids as building blocks
Author(s) -
Gabriela S. Kronemberger,
Renata Akemi Morais Matsui,
Guilherme de Almeida Santos de Castro E Miranda,
José Mauro Granjeiro,
Leandra Santos Baptista
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
world journal of stem cells
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.907
H-Index - 18
ISSN - 1948-0210
DOI - 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i2.110
Subject(s) - tissue engineering , stromal cell , mesenchymal stem cell , chondrogenesis , cartilage , spheroid , microbiology and biotechnology , scaffold , stem cell , adipose tissue , biology , biomedical engineering , anatomy , in vitro , medicine , cancer research , biochemistry , endocrinology
Scaffold-free techniques in the developmental tissue engineering area are designed to mimic in vivo embryonic processes with the aim of biofabricating, in vitro , tissues with more authentic properties. Cell clusters called spheroids are the basis for scaffold-free tissue engineering. In this review, we explore the use of spheroids from adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a model in the developmental engineering area in order to mimic the developmental stages of cartilage and bone tissues. Spheroids from adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells lineages recapitulate crucial events in bone and cartilage formation during embryogenesis, and are capable of spontaneously fusing to other spheroids, making them ideal building blocks for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Here, we discuss data from ours and other labs on the use of adipose stromal/stem cell spheroids in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro . Overall, recent studies support the notion that spheroids are ideal "building blocks" for tissue engineering by "bottom-up" approaches, which are based on tissue assembly by advanced techniques such as three-dimensional bioprinting. Further studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that orchestrate spheroid fusion are now crucial to support continued development of bottom-up tissue engineering approaches such as three-dimensional bioprinting.