Open AccessChannel modeling based on multilayer artificial neural network in metro tunnel environments
Author(s) -
Qian Jingyuan,
Saleem Asad,
Zheng Guoxin
Publication year - 2023
Publication title -
etri journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.295
H-Index - 46
eISSN - 2233-7326
pISSN - 1225-6463
DOI - 10.4218/etrij.2022-0101
Subject(s) - artificial neural network , mean squared error , azimuth , channel (broadcasting) , algorithm , root mean square , computer science , tracing , path (computing) , scale (ratio) , elevation (ballistics) , artificial intelligence , simulation , engineering , mathematics , statistics , structural engineering , geometry , telecommunications , geography , electrical engineering , programming language , operating system , cartography
Traditional deterministic channel modeling is accurate in prediction, but due to its complexity, improving computational efficiency remains a challenge. In an alternative approach, we investigated a multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) to predict large‐scale and small‐scale channel characteristics in metro tunnels. Simulated high‐precision training datasets were obtained by combining measurement campaign with a ray tracing (RT) method in a metro tunnel. Performance on the training data was used to determine the number of hidden layers and neurons of the multilayer ANN. The proposed multilayer ANN performed efficiently (10 s for training; 0.19 ms for prediction), and accurately, with better approximation of the RT data than the single‐layer ANN. The root mean square errors (RMSE) of path loss (2.82 dB), root mean square delay spread (0.61 ns), azimuth angle spread (3.06°), and elevation angle spread (1.22°) were impressive. These results demonstrate the superior computing efficiency and model complexity of ANNs.