The golden ratio in facial symmetry | Zendy

Emmanuel P. Prokopakis | Zendy; Ioannis Vlastos | Zendy; Valerie A. Picavet | Zendy; Gijs Nolst Trenité | Zendy; Riya Thomas | Zendy; Cemal Cingi | Zendy; Peter W. Hellings | Zendy

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The golden ratio in facial symmetry

Author(s) -

Emmanuel P. Prokopakis,

Ioannis Vlastos,

Valerie A. Picavet,

Gijs Nolst Trenité,

Riya Thomas,

Cemal Cingi,

Peter W. Hellings

Publication year - 2013

Publication title -

rhinology journal

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 1.275

H-Index - 57

eISSN - 1996-8604

pISSN - 0300-0729

DOI - 10.4193/rhino12.111

Subject(s) - golden ratio , symmetry (geometry) , beauty , medicine , facial symmetry , value (mathematics) , face (sociological concept) , theoretical physics , aesthetics , linguistics , statistics , orthodontics , mathematics , geometry , physics , philosophy

Symmetry is believed to be a hallmark of appealing faces. However, this does not imply that the most aesthetically pleasing proportions are necessary those that arise from the simple division of the face into thirds or fifths. Based on the etymology of the word symmetry, as well as on specific examples and theories of beauty, we conclude that φ-value, a ratio also known as the golden ratio or the divine proportion, can also characterize symmetrical forms. Therefore, we propose the utilization of this ratio in facial aesthetics.

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