Open AccessNew biological agents in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Author(s) -
Milan Buc
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
bratislavské lekárske listy/bratislava medical journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.387
H-Index - 32
eISSN - 1336-0345
pISSN - 0006-9248
DOI - 10.4149/bll_2018_035
Subject(s) - natalizumab , alemtuzumab , fingolimod , multiple sclerosis , glatiramer acetate , medicine , ocrelizumab , efalizumab , daclizumab , rituximab , monoclonal antibody , immunology , neuromyelitis optica , idelalisib , pharmacology , antibody , etanercept , ibrutinib , tumor necrosis factor alpha , chronic lymphocytic leukemia , leukemia
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease induced by autoimmune processes. Their understanding has resulted in an introduction of biological agents to its treatment. Interferon beta and glatiramer acetate have been in clinical practice for more than 20 years. Nowadays, novel biologics, which target molecules involved in immunopathological processes more specifically have entered the scene. They are represented by monoclonal antibodies binding to molecules VLA4 (natalizumab), CD20 (ocrelizumab), CD52 (alemtuzumab) or alpha subunit of IL-2 receptor (daclizumab) or by small molecules such as those modulating the receptors involved in regulation of lymphocyte migration (fingolimod, ozanimod) or in induction of lymphopenia by apoptosis (dimethyl fumarate, cladribine). In the article, we shortly describe their efficacies, adverse reactions and perspectives of a future development in MS biologics. A treatment of neuromyelitis optica by monoclonal antibodies (rituximab, aquaporumab) is given too (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 71).