Open AccessSafrole-induced expression of proinflammatory responses is associated with phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase family and the nuclear factor-κB/inhibitor of κB pathway in macrophages
Author(s) -
YungLun Ni,
HuanTing Shen,
MinWei Lee,
KunLin Yeh,
Chen Yu Chiang,
YuHsiang Kuan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
tzu-chi medical journal/cí-jì yīxué
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.343
H-Index - 15
eISSN - 2223-8956
pISSN - 1016-3190
DOI - 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_78_20
Subject(s) - proinflammatory cytokine , safrole , mapk/erk pathway , protein kinase a , medicine , kinase , cancer research , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , biology , immunology , inflammation , pathology
Safrole, also called shikimol and Sassafras, is the carcinogenic and phenylpropanoid compound extracted from Sassafras tree and anise, betel, and camphor. Moreover, a high concentration of safrole can be occur in the saliva because of betel nut or areca quid chewing which a common habit observed in Southern and Southeastern Asia. Notably, macrophages are crucial phagocytic cells of the immune system. Nonetheless, to date, no evidence has been reported regarding safrole-induced proinflammatory response and the corresponding mechanism in macrophages.