Open AccessBlood lead levels in antenatal women and its association with iron deficiency anemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Author(s) -
Garima Yadav,
Shailja Chambial,
Neha Agrawal,
Meenakshi Gothwal,
Priyanka Kathuria,
Pratibha Singh,
Praveen Sharma,
Prem Prakash Sharma
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of family medicine and primary care
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2278-7135
pISSN - 2249-4863
DOI - 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_78_20
Subject(s) - medicine , pregnancy , anemia , hemoglobin , incidence (geometry) , obstetrics , lead poisoning , iron deficiency , iron deficiency anemia , cross sectional study , confidence interval , physiology , pathology , genetics , physics , psychiatry , optics , biology
Lead is one of the most toxic heavy metal prevalent in the environment, which affects almost all major organs including heart, brain, intestines, kidneys as well as reproductive organs. It has been known that serum iron deficiency is associated with increased serum lead levels as lead is a particularly pernicious element to iron metabolism. Lead is also known to freely cross the placenta too; hence, this study was planned to determine any association between antenatal iron deficiency anemia (IDA), raised blood lead levels (BPb), and adverse pregnancy outcomes.