Open AccessAcacia catechu ethanolic bark extract induces apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma cells
Author(s) -
Lakshmi Thangavelu,
Devaraj Ezhilarasan,
R. Vijayaragavan,
Sukhwinder K. Bhullar,
R. Rajendran
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology and research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.325
H-Index - 33
eISSN - 2231-4040
pISSN - 0976-2094
DOI - 10.4103/japtr.japtr_73_17
Subject(s) - apoptosis , catechu , propidium iodide , microbiology and biotechnology , acridine orange , ethidium bromide , staining , dna fragmentation , cytotoxicity , cytotoxic t cell , squamous carcinoma , chemistry , mtt assay , traditional medicine , biology , carcinoma , biochemistry , programmed cell death , medicine , in vitro , dna , genetics , structural engineering , nut , engineering
Oral cancer is in approximately 30% of all cancers in India. This study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extract of Acacia catechu bark (ACB) against human squamous cell carcinoma cell line-25 (SCC-25). Cytotoxic effect of ACB extract was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide assay. A. catechu extract was treated SCC-25 cells with 25 and 50 μg/mL for 24 h. Apoptosis markers such as caspases-8 and 9, bcl-2, bax, and cytochrome c (Cyt-c) were done by RT-PCR. Morphological changes of ACB treated cells were evaluated using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining. Nuclear morphology and DNA fragmentation were evaluated using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Further, cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. A. catechu treatment caused cytotoxicity in SCC-25 cells with an IC 50 of 52.09 μg/mL. Apoptotic marker gene expressions were significantly increased on ACB treatment. Staining with AO/EB and PI shows membrane blebbing and nuclear membrane distortion, respectively, and it confirms the apoptosis induction in SCC-25 cells. These results suggest that ACB extract can be used as a modulating agent in oral squamous cell carcinoma.