Open AccessThe unsolved mystery of hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide: A potent cholinergic regulator
Author(s) -
Justin Y Cho,
Noriyuki Matsukawa
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
brain circulation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2455-4626
pISSN - 2394-8108
DOI - 10.4103/bc.bc_14_21
Subject(s) - neuroinflammation , proinflammatory cytokine , regulator , cholinergic , stroke (engine) , neuroscience , microglia , major histocompatibility complex , medicine , immunology , inflammation , transplantation , hippocampal formation , biology , immune system , mechanical engineering , biochemistry , engineering , gene
Cholinergic efferent networks located from the medial septal nucleus to the hippocampus play a pivotal role in learning and memory outcomes by generating regular theta rhythms that enhance information retention. Hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP), derived from the N-terminus of HCNP precursor protein (HCNP-pp), promotes the synthesis of acetylcholine in the medial septal nuclei. HCNP-pp deletion significantly reduced theta power in CA1 possibly due to lower levels of choline acetyltransferase-positive axons in CA1 stratum oriens, suggesting cholinergic disruptions in the septo-hippocampal system. This review also explores HCNP as a potent cholinergic regulator in the septo-hippocampal network while also examining the limitations of our understanding of the neurostimulating peptide.