Postoperative analgesic efficacy of intrathecal fentanyl compared to nalbuphine with bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for lower abdominal surgeries

Subarachnoid block or spinal anesthesia is a commonly used technique for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. Bupivacaine is the commonly used cost-effective drug which gives satisfactory analgesia for 90-120 min. Additives such as opioids and α2 agonists extend the analgesia in the postoperative period. In this study, we compared the effects of nalbuphine with fentanyl.