Open AccessNeurotrophic factors and their effects in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Author(s) -
Shahnaz Razavi,
Nazem Ghasemi,
Mohammad Mardani,
Ebrahim Esfandiari,
Hossein Salehi,
Hamid Zarkesh-Esfahani
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
advanced biomedical research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2277-9175
DOI - 10.4103/2277-9175.151570
Subject(s) - glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor , neurotrophic factors , neurotrophin , neuroscience , remyelination , trk receptor , gdnf family of ligands , medicine , neurturin , regeneration (biology) , multiple sclerosis , neuroprotection , receptor , immunology , biology , central nervous system , microbiology and biotechnology , myelin
Neurotrophins are small molecules of polypeptides, which include nerve growth factor (NGF) family, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands, and neuropoietic cytokines. These factors have an important role in neural regeneration, remyelination, and regulating the development of the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS, respectively) by intracellular signaling through specific receptors. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of human neurodegenerative disorders may be due to an alteration in the neurotrophic factors and their receptors. The use of neurotrophic factors as therapeutic agents is a novel strategy for restoring and maintaining neuronal function during neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to pathology of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, autoimmune and mesenchymal stem cells, by the release of neurotrophic factors, have the ability to protect neuronal population and can efficiently suppress the formation of new lesions. So, these cells may be an alternative source for delivering neurotrophic factors into the CNS