Pulmonary Langerhans cells histiocytosis with concomitant pleural effusion: A rare presentation in an adult

Pulmonary Langerhans cells histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology. It usually presents as an isolated lung disease in adults; however, involvement of other organ systems can occur occasionally. In the presence of characteristic findings, high-resolution computed tomography scan may be sufficient for a confident diagnosis of PLCH in an adult smoker. Pneumothorax is the most commonly reported pleural complication of PLCH, and pleural effusion is extremely rare. Herein, we present a case of advanced PLCH in an adult smoker presenting with concomitant exudative pleural effusion