Open AccessEffect of menopause on women′s periodontium
Author(s) -
Amit Bhardwaj,
Shalu Verma Bhardwaj
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of mid-life health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.423
H-Index - 11
eISSN - 0976-7819
pISSN - 0976-7800
DOI - 10.4103/0976-7800.98810
Subject(s) - periodontium , hormone , menopause , estrogen , steroid , endocrinology , catabolism , medicine , endocrine system , sex steroid , physiology , biology , metabolism , dentistry
Steroid sex hormones have a significant effect on different organ systems. As far as gingiva is concerned, they can influence the cellular proliferation, differentiation and growth of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Estrogen is mainly responsible for alterations in blood vessels and progesterone stimulates the production of inflammatory mediators. In addition, some micro-organisms found in the human mouth synthesize enzymes needed for steroid synthesis and catabolism. In women, during puberty, ovulation, pregnancy, and menopause, there is an increase in the production of sex steroid hormones which results in increased gingival inflammation, characterized by gingival enlargement, increased gingival bleeding, and cervicular fluid flow and microbial changes.