Open AccessLong-term high-dose oral morphine in phantom limb pain with no addiction risk
Author(s) -
Vinod Kumar,
Rakesh Garg,
Sachidanand Jee Bharati,
Nishkarsh Gupta,
Sushma Bhatanagar,
Seema Mishra,
Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
indian journal of palliative care/indian journal of palliative care
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.395
H-Index - 26
eISSN - 1998-3735
pISSN - 0973-1075
DOI - 10.4103/0973-1075.150198
Subject(s) - medicine , neuropathic pain , phantom limb , phantom pain , morphine , chronic pain , anesthesia , opioid , addiction , pain ladder , analgesic , phantom limb pain , physical therapy , amputation , surgery , psychiatry , receptor
Chronic phantom limb pain (PLP) is a type of neuropathic pain, which is located in the missing/amputated limb. Phantom pain is difficult to treat as the exact basis of pain mechanism is still unknown. Various methods of treatment for PLP have been described, including pharmacological (NSAIDs, opioids, antiepileptic, antidepressants) and non-pharmacological (TENS, sympathectomy, deep brain stimulation and motor cortex stimulation). Opioids are used for the treatment of neuropathic pain and dose of opioid is determined based on its effect and thus there is no defined ceiling dose for opioids. We report a case where a patient receiving high-dose oral morphine for chronic cancer pain did not demonstrate signs of addiction.