Functional penile reconstruction: What do we have as on today?

Penile reconstructive surgeries are performed mainly as radical treatment for conditions associated with congenital abnormalities of the urethra or penis, after penile trauma, penile cancer, short penis, corporal fibrosis and in cases of gender reassignment. In this article, we review the controversial penile augmentation topic, clarifying how most workers disagree with its scientific basis. We also highlight recent advances in surgical techniques in treatment of penile injuries and those employed for female-to-male sex reassignment procedures. We also propose a practical approach for evaluating and counseling patients complaining of a small sized penis