Open AccessEvaluation of the hemodynamic response of intravenous clonidine versus ropivacaine scalp block to insertion of scalp pins in neurosurgical patients
Author(s) -
Saraswathi Nagappa,
Sandhya Kalappa,
Raghavendra Biligiri Sridhara
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
al-banǧ. maqālāt wa abḥāṯ fī al-taẖdīr wa-al-in’āš
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 0259-1162
DOI - 10.4103/0259-1162.194572
Subject(s) - clonidine , medicine , anesthesia , ropivacaine , scalp , propofol , hemodynamics , fentanyl , blood pressure , mean arterial pressure , analgesic , anesthetic , heart rate , surgery
The application of the skull-pin head-holder, used to stabilize the head during neurosurgical procedures, produces an intense nociceptive stimulus and results in abrupt increases in blood pressure and cerebral blood flow under general anesthesia. Different anesthetic and pharmacologic techniques, including local anesthetics, narcotics, antihypertensives, and deepening of anesthesia with inhalation anesthetics, have been used to blunt this deleterious effect with variable success.