Open AccessFurosemide-loaded alginate microspheres prepared by ionic cross-linking technique: Morphology and release characteristics
Author(s) -
Malay K. Das,
Prakash Chandra Senapati
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences/indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.245
H-Index - 57
eISSN - 1998-3743
pISSN - 0250-474X
DOI - 10.4103/0250-474x.40336
Subject(s) - particle size , scanning electron microscope , furosemide , diffusion , chemical engineering , polymer , differential scanning calorimetry , dissolution , ionic bonding , particle (ecology) , chemistry , controlled release , materials science , microsphere , chromatography , nanotechnology , ion , composite material , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , physics , oceanography , engineering , geology
Furosemide-loaded alginate microspheres were prepared by the ionic cross-linking technique using CaCl(2), Al(2)(SO(4))(3) and BaCl(2). The process induced the formation of microspheres with the incorporation efficiency of 65% to 93%. The effect of sodium alginate concentration, cross-linking agents and drying conditions was evaluated with respect to entrapment efficiency, particle size, surface characteristics and in vitro release behaviors. Infrared spectroscopic study confirmed the absence of any drug-polymer interaction. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis revealed that the drug was molecularly dispersed in the alginate microspheres matrices showing rough surface, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy study. The mean particle size and entrapment efficiency were found to be varied by changing various formulation parameters. The in vitro release profile could be altered significantly by changing various formulation parameters to give a sustained release of drug from the microspheres. The kinetic modeling of the release data indicate that furosemide release from the alginate microspheres follow anomalous transport mechanism after an initial lag period when the drug release mechanism was found to be fickian diffusion controlled.