Open AccessLow Back Pain Treatment by Athletic Trainers and Athletic Therapists: Biomedical or Biopsychosocial Orientation?
Author(s) -
Hana L. MacDougall,
Steven Z. George,
Geoffrey Dover
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of athletic training
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.188
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1938-162X
pISSN - 1062-6050
DOI - 10.4085/1062-6050-430-17
Subject(s) - biopsychosocial model , athletic training , physical therapy , context (archaeology) , orientation (vector space) , medicine , psychology , physical medicine and rehabilitation , psychotherapist , paleontology , biology , geometry , mathematics
Context Low back pain (LBP) remains a societal burden due to consistently high rates of recurrence and chronicity. Recent evidence suggested that a provider's treatment orientation influences patient beliefs, the clinical approach, and subsequently, rehabilitation outcomes. Objective To characterize American athletic trainer (AT) and Canadian athletic therapist (C-AT) treatment orientations toward LBP. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Online survey. Patients or Other Participants A total of 273 ATs (response rate = 13.3%) and 382 C-ATs (response rate = 15.3%). Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants completed demographic questions and the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (PABS) for ATs/C-ATs. The PABS measures the biomedical and biopsychosocial treatment orientation of health care providers and is scored on a 6-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics characterized the participants; t tests and 1-way analyses of variance identified differences between group means; and Spearman correlations assessed relationships between the biomedical and biopsychosocial scores and age, number of LBP patients per year, and years of experience. Results Athletic trainers treating 9 to 15 LBP patients per year had higher biomedical scores (35.0 ± 5.7) than ATs treating 16 to 34 (31.9 ± 5.5, P = .039) or >34 (31.7 ± 8.6, P = .018) LBP patients per year. The C-ATs treating 16 to 34 (31.8 ± 6.3, P = .038) and >34 (31.0 ± 6.7, P < .001) LBP patients per year had lower biomedical scores than those treating ≤8 LBP patients per year (34.8 ± 5.9). The C-ATs with ≤5 years of experience had higher biomedical scores than those with 10 to 15 (31.0 ± 6.7, P = .011) and 16 to 24 (29.8 ± 7.5, P < .001) years of experience. Canadian athletic therapists treating the general public had higher (31.7 ± 4.0) biopsychosocial scores than ATs treating athletes (31.3 ± 3.5, P = .006). The C-ATs ≤35.6 years of age had higher biomedical scores (33.1 ± 5.9) than those >35.6 years of age (30.5 ± 7.0, P < .001). Conclusions Athletic trainers and C-ATs who treated more LBP patients per year were more likely to score low on a biomedical treatment orientation subscale. Because this orientation has predicted poor outcomes in other health care providers, further research is needed to determine the effects of ATs' and C-ATs' biomedical orientations on rehabilitation outcomes.