Open AccessAnalysis of Health Risk and Respiratory Complaints on Footwear Craftsman Exposed to Toluene Vapour
Author(s) -
Ellyza Setya Maryiantari,
Soedjajadi Keman
Publication year - 2020
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.579
H-Index - 13
ISSN - 2279-9028
DOI - 10.4081/jphr.2020.1818
Subject(s) - medicine , irritation , threshold limit value , toluene , inhalation , environmental health , eye irritation , inhalation exposure , occupational exposure , maximum allowable concentration , respiratory system , toxicology , ventilation (architecture) , anesthesia , chemistry , mechanical engineering , organic chemistry , engineering , immunology , biology
Background The primary effect of toluene on the respiratory tract following inhalation is irritation. This study was conducted to analyze the level of health risks and respiratory complaints due to toluene exposure by footwear craftsmen, in order to get scientific reference for Maximum Contaminant Level and working tenure restriction.Design and methods A total of 51 footwear craftsmen from eight factories participated in this study. The toluene concentration in the work environment was measured according to National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health 1501. Moreover, data were collected using an American Thoracic Society standardized questionnaire to assess respiratory health effects. A characterization of risk model was to analyze the toluene exposure risk and suggest improvements.Results The results showed toluene levels were over the Threshold Limit Value 20 ppm (138.88 ppm). The most commonly observed respiratory symptoms included coughing by 81.3% and cold by 85.7%, Symptoms of respiratory irritation by 72.7%, higher among workers who were highly exposed to toluene above the median. This is observed from the opportunity value (P-value) of toluene exposure with the characteristics the workers of each variable which was less than 0.05 work station and working tenure. Maximum Contaminant Level of toluene is 4.59 ppm, a safe working tenure restriction for toluene exposure is maximum 25 years.Conclusions The recommended risk control measures include ventilation improvements, personal hygiene and protection of workers through periodic physical examinations.