Open AccessEndothelin-1 indicates unfavorable prognosis in primary high-grade non-muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer
Author(s) -
Lampros Mitrakas,
Stavros Gravas,
Foteini Karasavvidou,
Ioannis Zachos,
Anastasios Karatzas,
Athanasios Oeconomou,
Georgios Koukoulis,
Vassilios Tzortzis,
Christos N. Papandreou
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
archivio italiano di urologia andrologia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.429
H-Index - 23
eISSN - 2282-4197
pISSN - 1124-3562
DOI - 10.4081/aiua.2021.2.143
Subject(s) - medicine , bladder cancer , pathological , immunohistochemistry , urology , tumor progression , urothelial cancer , prospective cohort study , stage (stratigraphy) , oncology , adjuvant , cancer , paleontology , biology
Objective: To conduct a prospective study of the potential prognostic role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in a cohort of primary high-grade non-muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer patients, who were treated with adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Material and methods: Patients with primary high-grade nonmuscle- invasive urothelial bladder cancer, who received postoperatively induction and maintenance BCG therapy, were prospectively included. Recurrence and progression were histologically proven. Immunohistochemical staining for ET-1 was assessed. Epidemiological, pathological and clinical parameters as well as the expression of ET-1 in tumor specimens were statistically analyzed for recurrence, progression, recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: ET-1 associates significantly with recurrence (p = 0.000), progression (p = 0.000), RFS (p = 0.000) and PFS (p = 0.000). The patient’s age is also significant for recurrence (p = 0.003, OR = 1.273 95% CI: 1.086-1.492) and RFS (p = 0.013). Conclusions: ET-1 seems to deteriorate prognosis in patients suffering from primary high-grade non-muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer, who are treated with adjuvant BCG instillations. Furthermore, the patient’s age associates with an increased likelihood for recurrence.