Ocean Sensor “Imaging” Arrays Based on Bio-inspired Architectures and 2-D/3-D Construction

Many common ocean sensor systems measure a localized space above a single sensor element. Single-point measurements give magnitude but not necessarily direction information. Expanding single sensor elements, such as used in salinity sensors, into arrays permits spatial distribution measurements and allows flux visualizations. Furthermore, applying microsystem technology to these macro sensor systems can yield imaging arrays with high-resolution spatial/temporal sensing functions. Extending such high spatial resolution imaging over large areas is a desirable feature for new “vision” modes on autonomous robotic systems and for deployable ocean sensor systems. The work described here explores the use of printed circuit board (PCB) technology for new sensing concepts and designs. In order to create rigid-conformal, large area imaging “camera” systems, we have merged flexible PCB substrates with rigid constructions from 3-D printing. This approach merges the 2-D flexible electronics world of printed circuits with the 3-D printed packaging world. Furthermore, employing architectures used by biology as a basis for our imaging systems, we explored naturally and biologically inspired designs, their relationships to visual imagining, and alternate mechanical systems of perception. Through the use of bio-inspiration, a framework is laid out to base further research on design for packaging of ocean sensors and arrays. Using 3-D printed exoskeleton's rigid form with flexible printed circuits, one can create systems that are both rigid and form-fitting with 3-D shape and enable new sensor systems for various ocean sensory applications.