Positive-reinforcement strategies to reduce capture-stress in Capybaras

Prior to the administration of any anesthetics, capturing the semi-aquatic capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) demands physical restraint, which presents immense challenges. Traditional methods, such as lassoing and traps, are prone to induce acute stress, may result in injury, and can even have fatal outcomes. As part of a larger population control project using contraceptive methods, frequent capture-induced stress and injury may directly affect normal reproductive physiology. Thus, choosing a less stress-inducing method was imperative. In this report, we describe methods of conditioning to enable frequent capture and manipulation, using bait as a positive reinforcement associated with a special click-sound, in a free-ranging population of 40 capybaras. The objectives were to attract, herd, and allow capybaras to voluntarily enter a coral. We evaluated the conditioning effect on individual and group behaviors, interpreting vocal and body language manifestations during the processes of conditioning, herding, capture, and recovery (post procedure/chemical restraint), with the aim of minimizing capture-related stress and injuries. Based on our observations, we report that conditioning, used as part of the capture strategies, noticeably facilitated physical restraint and manipulation throughout the procedures, while apparently maintaining the animals’ overall welfare as it relates to conditioning and capture.