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Socijalna situacija i socijalne reforme u Sloveniji
Author(s) -
Borut Rončević
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
revija za socijalnu politiku
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.14
H-Index - 12
eISSN - 1845-6014
pISSN - 1330-2965
DOI - 10.3935/rsp.v8i2.215
Subject(s) - croatian , philosophy , linguistics
Slovenski je tranzicijski put do sada bio unekoliko drukčiji nego u većini ostalih postsocijalističkih zemalja u Europi. Uzrok tome leži u blažem diskontinuitetu s prošlošću. Socijalna politika je vjerojatno najočitiji primjer tome. Premda nisu samo čisti nastavak, sadašnji trendovi u Sloveniji čvrsto su ukorijenjeni u logiku proteklog razvojnog sustava. Brza privatizacija te rapidno smanjivanje socijalne potrošnje nisu bili realistična politička opcija tijekom devedesetih godina. Iako smo svjedoci segmentacije tržišta rada, te povećavanja siromaštva i stopa nejednakosti, oni uglavnom nisu bili tako oštri u usporedbi s ostalim postsocijalističkim zemljama. Stanje reformi sustava socijalne sigurnosti (zdravstvene politike i zdravstvenog osiguranja, mirovinskog sustava, osiguranja za vrijeme nezaposlenosti i ostalih sustava socijalne zaštite), obrazovne politike i politike tržišta rada objašnjavaju zašto je tome tako. Posebno u sustavu socijalne sigurnosti ne može se jasno identificirati nijedan veći rez u pravima i javnoj potrošnji, a koji ne bi ozbiljno utjecao na socijalno stanje stanovništva, iako postoji određen pomak odgovornosti za vlastito blagostanje od države na pojedinca. Također se može uočiti “prikrivena” privatizacija u tercijarnom obrazovanju, ali ona nije utjecala na mogućnost nastavka školovanja mladih generacija. Pored toga, donijeta je široka paleta mjera aktivne politike zapošljavanja u cilju borbe protiv strukturne nezaposlenosti, te poticanja uključivanja nezaposlenih osoba u te mjere. Usprkos tome se ove politike suočavaju s brojnim problemima, koji su u članku jasno naznačeni. Međutim, kritike da je slovenska socijalna politika preskupa, uzimajući u obzir razvojni značaj socijalne dimenzije, uskogrudne su i parcijalne. Imajući to na umu, točniji opis slovenske socijalne politike jest da je ona previše pasivna, neučinkovita i bez jasno definirane strategijske uloge.Slovenia\u27s transition trajectories have so far been somewhat different from those in most other post-socialist countries. This is due to a less sharp discontinuity with the past. Social policy is perhaps the most obvious example; current trends are quite firmly embedded in the logic of the past development of the system, even if they are not a simple continuation of it. Fast privatisation and rapid cuts in welfare spending were not a realistic policy option in the 1990s. Even though we witness trends toward labour market segmentation and increase in poverty and inequality rates, they have mostly been less acute than in other post-socialist countries. The state of reforms of the social security system (health policy and insurance, pension system, employment insurance and other social protection schemes), of education policies and of labour market policies explain why this is the case. Especially as far as the social security system is concerned, one cannot clearly identify any major cuts in entitlements and public spending which could potentially have a serious impact on the social standing of the population – even though the responsibility for one\u27s well-being was shifted to a certain extent from the state to the individual. We can also identify a “hidden” privatisation of the tertiary education, but it still does not impact the ability of young generations to continue their education. In addition, a comprehensive set of labour market policies has been designed to tackle structural unemployment and foster inclusion of the unemployed. Nevertheless, these policy areas are facing numerous problems, which are clearly identified in the article. However, critics of the Slovenian social policy who consider it too expensive are, in view of the developmental relevance of the social dimension, narrow-minded and partial. Having this in mind, the description of Slovenia\u27s social policy as being too passive, inefficient and without a clearly defined strategic role is more accurate

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