Koncept socijalne isključenosti

Rad se bavi konceptom socijalne isključenosti i njegovom ulogom u socijalnoj politici razvijenih europskih zemalja. Dok je ovaj koncept postao sastavni dio rječnika znanstvenika i političara u većini europskih zemalja, dotle je u nas gotovo nepoznat. Analiziran je socijalno-povijesni i nacionalni kontekst u kojem se javlja termin socijalne isključenosti. Isto tako, autor ukazuje na poteškoće prilikom definiranja socijalne isključenosti (zbog njezine višedimenzionalnosti, razine pristupa, nejasnosti pojmova), ali i na pokušaj da se različita značenja isključenosti analiziraju preko triju paradigmi: solidarnosti, specijalizacije i monopola. U radu su dotaknute i neke mjere „uključivanja“ onih koji su isključeni iz društva.The term “social exclusion” has been in use since the 60’s. It was first used in French speaking territories. However, the discussions on the “social exclusion” relatively quickly spread to other European countries (primarily the ones in the European union). The term “social exclusion” has nowadays become a component part of the vocabulary of many scientists and politicians and it has played and important role in the social policy of the developed European countries. The reasons for the “social exclusion” are a result of long-term unemployment, the influence of industrial changes on unskilled labour, the development of family structures, the break-up of the traditional solidarity forms, the crisis of the traditional institutions of representation, the hidden immigration and growth of individualism. The author points to the problems connected with the defining of “social exclusion” (its multi-dimensionality, vagueness of the auxiliary terms, different levels of approach). Also, the paper presents and attempt to analyze the different meanings of exclusion through three different opposing paradigms: solidarity, specialization and monopoly. The paper also deals with the notion and measures of “social exclusion” that in some countries have been undertaken for the sake of integration the ‘excluded’. Finally, the paper offers some possibilities of the application of the “social exclusion” concept to the countries with different levels of economic and social development and points to its advantages and disadvantages within the social policy of the developed countries