Socijalna sigurnost i kvaliteta života starijih osoba bez mirovinskih primanja u Republici Hrvatskoj

Ciljevi rada su: 1) procijeniti broj starijih osoba koje ne primaju mirovine, 2) analizirati njihova socijalna, demografska i obiteljska obilježja, 3) istražiti i usporediti neke indikatore kvalitete života starijih osoba bez mirovina s indikatorima kvalitete života starije umirovljeničke populacije, 4) analizirati strukturu primanja i ulogu transfera socijalne pomoći u kućanstvima u kojima žive starije osobe bez mirovina te 5) raspraviti o modelima socijalne zaštite za starije osobe bez mirovina. Izvor podataka bilo je Europsko istraživanje o kvaliteti života, koje je u Hrvatskoj proveo UNDP u 2006. godini. Za potrebe ovoga rada iz ukupnog uzorka izdvojen je reprezentativan subuzorak osoba starijih od 64 godine (1 661 ispitanik). Prema procjenama, 12,4% starijih osoba u RH ne prima mirovine. Preko 95% svih starijih osoba bez mirovina čine žene. Medijan ekvivalentnog kućanskog dohotka starijih osoba bez mirovina dvostruko je niži od medijana kućanskog dohotka starijih umirovljenika. Također, starije osobe bez mirovina općenito imaju lošije pokazatelje kvalitete života od starijih umirovljenika. U najnepovoljnijoj ekonomskoj poziciji su starije osobe bez mirovina koje žive u samačkim kućanstvima. Upravo one najčešće primaju socijalnu pomoć. Analizirani su prednosti i nedostaci socijalnih mirovina i socijalne pomoći kao alternativa u socijalnoj zaštiti starije populacije bez mirovina. U Hrvatskoj su socijalne mirovine na temelju provjere resursa prihvatljivije s fiskalnog i političkog stajališta nego univerzalne socijalne mirovine.The aims of the paper are to: 1) estimate the number of elderly persons who do not receive pensions, 2) analyse their social, demographic and family characteristics, 3) analyse and compare some indicators of the quality of life of elderly persons without pensions to the indicators of the quality of life of elderly retired persons, 4) analyse the structure of income and the role of the social welfare transfers in the households in which elderly persons who do not receive pensions live, and 5) discuss the models of social protection for elderly persons without pensions. The source of the data was the European Research on Quality of Life, conducted in Croatia by the UNDP in 2006. For the purposes of this paper, a representative sub-sample of persons over the age of 64 was singled out (1,661 respondent). According to estimates, 12.4% of elderly persons in Croatia do not receive pensions. Over 95% of all elderly persons without pensions are women. The median of the equivalent household income of elderly persons without pensions is twice lower than the median of the household income of elderly retired persons. Also, elderly persons without pensions generally have poorer indicators of the quality of life than the elderly pensioners. Elderly persons without pensions who live in single households are in the most unfavourable economic position. These are the persons who most frequently receive social assistance. Advantages and disadvantages of social pensions and social assistance as an alternative in social protection of elderly population without pensions are analysed. Social pensions in Croatia based on the means testing are more acceptable from the fiscal and political standpoint than universal social pensions